also Joachim C. Fest,
Hitler
, trans. Richard and Clara Winston (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1974), 598–600; Bradley Lightbody,
The Second World War: Ambitions to Nemesis
(New York: Routledge, 2004), 39.
11 . Max Hastings,
Bomber Campaign: Churchill’s Epic Campaign
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989), 171. See also Stephen A. Garrett,
Ethics and Airpower in World War II: The British Bombing of German Cities
(New York: St. Martin’s, 1993), 30–37.
12 . David Bamber, “Bin Laden: Yes, I Did It,”
Daily Telegraph
, November 11, 2001; Peter L. Bergen,
The Osama bin Laden I Know: An Oral History of Al-Qaeda’s Leader
(New York: Free Press, 2006), 321–22; Bruce Lawrence, ed.,
Messages to the World: The Statements of Osama bin Laden
, trans. James Howarth (London: Verso, 2005), 140–41.
13 . Michael Walzer,
Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations
, 3rd ed. (New York: Basic Books, 2000), 19.
Chapter 8
1 . For a good discussion of the costs of lying for a society, see Evelin Sullivan,
The Concise Book of Lying
(New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001), 55–147.
2 . Francis Fukuyama,
Trust: The Social Virtues and The Creation of Prosperity
(New York: Free Press, 1995); Luigi Guiso, Paola Sapienza, Luigi Zingales, “The Role of Social Capital in Financial Development” (working paper 7563, National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2000); Marc J. Hetherington,
Why Trust Matters: Declining Political Trust and the Demise of American Liberalism
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005); Stephen Knack and Philip Keefer, “Does Social Capital Have an Economic Payoff? A Cross-Country Investigation,”
Quarterly Journal of Economics
112, no. 4 (November 1997): 1251–88; Rafael La Porta et al., “Trust in Large Organizations,”
American Economic Review
87, no. 2 (May 1997): 333–38; Robert D. Putnam,
Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993); Charles Tilly,
Trust and Rule
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
3 . “Transcript of Special Counsel Fitzgerald’s Press Conference,”
Washington Post
, October 28, 2005. The best book about the Libby case is Michael Isikoff and David Corn,
Hubris: The Inside Story of Spin, Scandal, and the Selling of the Iraq War
(New York: Crown, 2006).
4 . Ken Armstrong and Steve Mills, “Death Row Justice Derailed,”
Chicago Tribune
, November 14, 1999; Ken Armstrong and Steve Mills, “Inept Defenses Cloud Verdict,”
Chicago Tribune
, November 15, 1999; Ken Armstrong and Steve Mills, “The Jailhouse Informant,”
Chicago Tribune
, November 16, 1999; Ken Armstrong and Steve Mills, “A Tortured Path to Death Row,”
Chicago Tribune
, November 17, 1999; Ken Armstrong and Steve Mills, “Convicted by a Hair,”
Chicago Tribune
, November 18, 1999; Martha Irvine, “Illinois Governor Orders Death Penalty Moratorium,” Associated Press, January 31, 2000; Barry James, “Clearing of Illinois Death Row Is Greeted with Global Cheers,”
New York Times
, January 14, 2003; Paul M. Krawzak, “Ryan Explains Moratorium Call,” Copley News Service, January 31, 2000; Robert E. Pierre and Kari Lydersen, “Illinois Death Row Emptied,”
Washington Post
, January 12, 2003.
5 . Dwight D. Eisenhower,
Waging Peace, 1956–1961: The White House Years
(Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1965), chap. 23; Peter Lyon,
Eisenhower: Portrait of the Hero
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1974), 859–66.
6 . See Andrew T. Guzmán,
How International Law Works: A Rational Choice Theory
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), especially chap. 3.
7 . Ann E. Sartori argues that “states often are tempted to bluff, or dissemble, but a state that is caught bluffing acquires a reputation for doing so, and opponents are less likely to believe its future communications.” Thus, states usually do not bluff or lie, because of the damage it might do to their reputation, and thus their prospectsfor future
Hitler
, trans. Richard and Clara Winston (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1974), 598–600; Bradley Lightbody,
The Second World War: Ambitions to Nemesis
(New York: Routledge, 2004), 39.
11 . Max Hastings,
Bomber Campaign: Churchill’s Epic Campaign
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989), 171. See also Stephen A. Garrett,
Ethics and Airpower in World War II: The British Bombing of German Cities
(New York: St. Martin’s, 1993), 30–37.
12 . David Bamber, “Bin Laden: Yes, I Did It,”
Daily Telegraph
, November 11, 2001; Peter L. Bergen,
The Osama bin Laden I Know: An Oral History of Al-Qaeda’s Leader
(New York: Free Press, 2006), 321–22; Bruce Lawrence, ed.,
Messages to the World: The Statements of Osama bin Laden
, trans. James Howarth (London: Verso, 2005), 140–41.
13 . Michael Walzer,
Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations
, 3rd ed. (New York: Basic Books, 2000), 19.
Chapter 8
1 . For a good discussion of the costs of lying for a society, see Evelin Sullivan,
The Concise Book of Lying
(New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001), 55–147.
2 . Francis Fukuyama,
Trust: The Social Virtues and The Creation of Prosperity
(New York: Free Press, 1995); Luigi Guiso, Paola Sapienza, Luigi Zingales, “The Role of Social Capital in Financial Development” (working paper 7563, National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2000); Marc J. Hetherington,
Why Trust Matters: Declining Political Trust and the Demise of American Liberalism
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005); Stephen Knack and Philip Keefer, “Does Social Capital Have an Economic Payoff? A Cross-Country Investigation,”
Quarterly Journal of Economics
112, no. 4 (November 1997): 1251–88; Rafael La Porta et al., “Trust in Large Organizations,”
American Economic Review
87, no. 2 (May 1997): 333–38; Robert D. Putnam,
Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993); Charles Tilly,
Trust and Rule
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
3 . “Transcript of Special Counsel Fitzgerald’s Press Conference,”
Washington Post
, October 28, 2005. The best book about the Libby case is Michael Isikoff and David Corn,
Hubris: The Inside Story of Spin, Scandal, and the Selling of the Iraq War
(New York: Crown, 2006).
4 . Ken Armstrong and Steve Mills, “Death Row Justice Derailed,”
Chicago Tribune
, November 14, 1999; Ken Armstrong and Steve Mills, “Inept Defenses Cloud Verdict,”
Chicago Tribune
, November 15, 1999; Ken Armstrong and Steve Mills, “The Jailhouse Informant,”
Chicago Tribune
, November 16, 1999; Ken Armstrong and Steve Mills, “A Tortured Path to Death Row,”
Chicago Tribune
, November 17, 1999; Ken Armstrong and Steve Mills, “Convicted by a Hair,”
Chicago Tribune
, November 18, 1999; Martha Irvine, “Illinois Governor Orders Death Penalty Moratorium,” Associated Press, January 31, 2000; Barry James, “Clearing of Illinois Death Row Is Greeted with Global Cheers,”
New York Times
, January 14, 2003; Paul M. Krawzak, “Ryan Explains Moratorium Call,” Copley News Service, January 31, 2000; Robert E. Pierre and Kari Lydersen, “Illinois Death Row Emptied,”
Washington Post
, January 12, 2003.
5 . Dwight D. Eisenhower,
Waging Peace, 1956–1961: The White House Years
(Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1965), chap. 23; Peter Lyon,
Eisenhower: Portrait of the Hero
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1974), 859–66.
6 . See Andrew T. Guzmán,
How International Law Works: A Rational Choice Theory
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), especially chap. 3.
7 . Ann E. Sartori argues that “states often are tempted to bluff, or dissemble, but a state that is caught bluffing acquires a reputation for doing so, and opponents are less likely to believe its future communications.” Thus, states usually do not bluff or lie, because of the damage it might do to their reputation, and thus their prospectsfor future
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